Available Quantum Hardware

IBM

IBM offers a wide range of Quantum Processing Units (QPUs) based on the superconducting technology. Some of these QPUs (up to 7 qubits) are available for free usage. For access to larger QPUs, you need to contact IBM directly. Additionally, IBM provides several simulators for quantum hardware, all of which are accessible at no cost.

To access IBM's quantum hardware, you need to create a free account on IBM Quantum After registration, your API token can be found directly on the dashboard. You can use this token for Luna's services by adding it to your account as described here.

QPUs

IBM offers various QPUs with different numbers of qubits all around the world. The following QPU types are currently available:

Egret (up to 33 qubits)

Egret is IBM's latest QPU, introducing tunable couplers for faster and higher fidelity two-qubit gates.

Osprey (up to 433 qubits)

Osprey is the largest QPU in IBM's lineup, featuring substantial improvements in device packaging to handle larger chip sizes and uses custom flex cabling for increased I/O requirements.

Eagle (up to 127 qubits)

Eagle was developed with novel packaging techniques, showcasing increased scalability.

Hummingbird (up to 65 qubits)

Hummingbird is very similar in architecture to Falcon, but incorporates scalability enhancements.

Falcon (up to 27 qubits)

Falcon uses a multi-chip stack with an "interposer" chip for readout and signal delivery wiring.

Canary (up to 16 qubits)

Canary provides an optimized 2D lattice with qubits and readout resonators on the same layer.

More detailed information about these QPUs can be found on the IBM website.

Simulators

IBM offers several simulators, which are classical emulators of quantum systems freely accessible via cloud.

Stabilizer (5000 qubits)

Stabilizer simulates Clifford circuits and can also model noisy evolution if noise operators are Clifford gates.

MPS (100 qubits)

This simulator uses a tensor network and Matrix Product State (MPS) representation for states and is often more efficient for states with weak entanglement.

Extended Stabilizer (63 qubits)

Extended Stabilizer approximates quantum circuit action using ranked-stabilizer decomposition, with non-Clifford gates determining stabilizer terms.

QASM Simulator (32 qubits)

A general purpose simulator for quantum circuits, offering both ideal and noise-modeled simulations with the method automatically selected based on input circuits and parameters.

Statevector (32 qubits)

Simulates quantum circuits by computing the qubit's wavefunction statevector as gates and instructions are applied, supporting general noise modeling.

Further details can be found on the IBM website.

D-Wave Systems

D-Wave Systems is a leading provider of Quantum Annealers, specialized quantum hardware designed for optimization problems. For a brief introduction to Quantum Annealing, refer to the D-Wave website.

To access D-Wave hardware, sign up for Leap, D-Wave's quantum cloud service, providing real-time access to their Advantage System quantum annealers. Signing up is free and grants you 1 free minute of processing time. For additional processing time, contact D-Wave directly.

Once you've completed the sign-up process, your API token will be readily available on the dashboard. To integrate this token and access D-Wave's quantum hardware within Luna's services, you can follow the instructions outlined here.

D-Wave offers a range of advanced quantum annealers, including the Advantage System with over 5000 qubits. Additionally, they directly provide hybrid solvers. You can find details about these offerings on their dashboard. Currently, D-Wave's quantum hardware is accessible in both North America and Europe, while the hybrid solvers are exclusively available in North America.

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